Getting Started with FT8 in Amateur Radio: A Beginner's Guide

Introduction to Article-Series

Throughout the next several articles, I'm going to do a deep dive article series to better understand the FT8 protocol. Just a warning -- there's going to be some math.

Getting Started with FT8 in Amateur Radio: A Beginners Guide

Exploring FT4 and FT8: Revolutionizing Amateur Radio Communication

How WSJT-X Synchronizes FT8 Transmissions

Demystifying Forward Error Correction: Enhancing Data Reliability in Digital Radio Communication

Understanding Maidenhead Grid Squares in Amateur Radio

Are you interested in exploring the world of digital modes in amateur radio? FT8 is a popular and efficient mode for making contacts, even under challenging band conditions. In this guide, we'll walk you through the essential software and hardware needed to get started with FT8 transmissions. Whether you're a seasoned ham or new to the hobby, this guide will help you set up your station for FT8 operations.

Hardware Requirements

1. Transceiver

A reliable HF transceiver is your starting point. It should be capable of single-sideband (SSB) operation on your band of interest. Most modern transceivers support digital modes like FT8. While a little more transmitting power is better, I've contacted stations as far away as Japan, Kiribati, Canada, Florida, and the Virgin Islands from my portable rig in Southern California on 10 W with no problem. Transceivers such as the Icom IC-705 have an audio card built in. So all it takes is a USB cable to your computer to get started!

Icom promo image from https://www.icomamerica.com/lineup/products/IC-705/

The ICOM IC-705 promotional image from icomamerica.com

2. Computer

You'll need a computer (desktop or laptop) to run the FT8 software and process signals. The computer doesn't need to be high-end; FT8 isn't resource-intensive. But an extra screen can help display information from complimentary software such as Grid Tracker.

3. Sound Card Interface

If your transceiver lacks a built-in sound card, an external sound card interface is necessary (Digirig, Signalink, etc.). This item handles audio signal transfers and keys the transmitter. Sometimes, the devices act as a full radio control interface, capable of changing frequencies, transmitting power, and more. If the sound card/control interface you choose comes with interface cables, ensure they are the right ones for your transceiver.

4. Antenna

Choose an antenna that works well on the bands you plan to operate. The antenna's efficiency significantly impacts your ability to make contacts. It's better to tune the antenna length to match the transmitting frequency than to use an external tuner or a loading coil to lower the SWR.

Since most FT8 transmissions occur on HF bands, an end-fed long-wire antenna is an inexpensive and excellent choice. Hamsticks are another inexpensive option.

5. Cables and Connectors

You'll need to connect your computer to the transceiver through a USB or, in the case of the Hermes Lite 2, a network interface cable.

A few minutes of studying the inputs and outputs of the transceiver, the audio card, and the computer before you order everything can save time waiting for parts to show up later.

Software Setup

WSJT-X (Mandatory)

The heart of FT8 operations is the WSJT-X software. It manages decoding, transmitting, and logging FT8 contacts. It's user-friendly and available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. Be careful not to download WSJT-Z, a spinoff the the WSJT-X project. WSJT-Z automates all aspects of making a contact, which is fine for contesting, but not so great for learning how the software works. I initially found WSJT-Z and after getting it running, my first thought was "Where is the fun in this?" WSJT-Z automates everything to the point you don't really need to be in the room to make dozens of contacts. But with WSJT-X, FT8 becomes a lot more like a game and a lot less like watching your computer defragment itself.

Image from https://wsjt.sourceforge.io/WSJTX_2.6.0.png

WSJT-X User Interface from WSJT's Sourceforge Page

Time Sync Software (Mandatory)

The FT8 protocol requires fairly careful time synchronization. Before I synced my computer clock, I received absolutely no data. But as soon as I used NetTime, data started streaming in. It worked perfectly! But then I had a thought. "This is great when I'm home, but if I want to take my setup on a hike, for Summits On The Air (SOTA) or Parks on the Air (POTA), what do I do? Why can't I sync off the FT8 signals themselves?" And 5 seconds later, I found JTSync using google! Once WSJT-X is running, JTSync can decode the signals and correct your system clock even when you don't have network time services available!

Data Management & Logging Software (Recommended)

WSJT-X includes basic logging to file. But for more detailed record-keeping, consider additional logging software like Logbook of The World (LoTW), QRZ.com, or similar. As a warning, ARRL's LoTW takes approximately one week to verify your identity. So you'll want to start the verification process well in advance of making contacts.

The software I can't recommend highly enough is GridTracker. GridTracker keeps track of where all of your

Image of Contacts based on Maidenhead Gridsquares from Gridtracker's Gitlab Documentation Page

3. Operating System

Your choice of computer operating system doesn't restrict you; WSJT-X is compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Other Considerations

Internet Connection (Optional)

An internet connection is not essential for FT8 but can enhance your experience with real-time logging and access to online spotting networks.

Amateur Radio License

Ensure you have the appropriate license for operating on the bands and modes you're interested in. License requirements vary by country.

Conclusion

FT8 is a fascinating mode that opens up a world of amateur radio communications, even with modest equipment and antennas. Remember, the amateur radio community is always ready to help, so don't hesitate to reach out to local clubs or online forums for assistance. Happy DXing!